Nuclear transmutation class 10 | 10th class physics ch 18 nuclear transmuation | sabaq in urdu hindi

Nuclear transmutation class 10 | 10th class physics ch 18 nuclear transmuation | sabaq in urdu hindi related searches 1. nuclear transmutation 2. nuclear transmutation in urdu 3. nuclear transmutation in hindi 4. nuclear transmutation hindi lecture 5. nuclear transmutation Indian lecture 6. nuclear transmutation sabaq 7. nuclear transmutation physics wallah sabaq 8. nuclear transmutation foundation 9. nuclear transmutation haytham tai sultan 10. nuclear transmutation ilm ki bhaar dunya 11. nuclear transmutation ilmkidunya ki bahar kainaat Official 12. nuclear transmutation Khan academy of sciences and arts. 13. nuclear transmutation dont memorise it but understand 14. alpha decay 15. beta decay 26. gamma decay 18.4 NUCLEAR TRANSMUTATIONS We know that during natural radioactivity, an unstable nucleus of radioactive element disintegrates to become more stable. The spontaneous process in which a parent unstable nuclide changes into a more stable daughter nuclide with the emission of radiations is called nuclear transmutation Now we represent radioactive decay by means of a nuclear equation in which an unstable parent nuclide X changes into a daughter nuclide Y with the emission of an alpha particle, beta particle or gamma particle. 1. Alpha ()-decay General Equation: Energy parent daughter -particle nuclide     nuclide Example: + Energy radium radon -particle It means in alpha decay, the proton number or atomic number Z of the parent nuclide reduces by 2 and its mass number or nucleon number A decreases by 4. 2. Beta ()-decay General Equation: Energy parent daughter -particle nuclide nuclide Example: + Energy carbon nitrogen -particle In beta ( )-decay , the parent nuclide has its proton number  Z increased by 1 but its mass number or nucleon number A remains unchanged. 3. Gamma ()-decay General Equation: parent daughter gamma rays nuclide nuclide Example: + Energy cobalt cobalt -rays  Gamma rays are usually emitted alongwith either an alpha or a beta particle. Nature and Properties of Radiations Alpha particle is a helium nucleus comprising of two protons and two neutrons with a charge of 2e. An unstable nucleus with large protons and neutrons may decay by emitting alpha radiations. . Beta radiation is a stream of high-energy electrons. An unstable nuclei with excess of neutrons may eject beta radiations. Gamma radiations are fast moving hotons. They are electromagnetic radiations of very high frequency (short wavelength) emitted by the unstable excited nuclie. Ionizing Effect The phenomenon by which radiations split matter into positive and negative ions is called ionization. All three kinds of radiations i.e., alpha, beta and gamma can ionize the matter. However, alpha particles have the greatest power of ionization as compared to beta particles and gamma rays. It is due to large positive charge and large mass of alpha particles. Beta particles ionize a gas much less than alpha particles. The ionization power of gamma rays is even less than that of beta particles. Ionization of three radiations in a gas is shown in Fig. 18.5. Penetrating Ability The strength of radiations to penetrate a certain material is called penetrating power. The alpha particle has the shortest range because of its strong interacting or ionizing power. The gamma rays can penetrate a considerable thickness of concrete. It is due to their large speed and neutral nature. The beta radiation strongly interacts with matter due to its charge and has a short range as compared to gamma radiations. Fig. 18.6 shows the relative p