Pharmacology of Phenelzine (Nardil) ; Mechanism of action, Pharmacokinetics, Uses, Effects

Phenelzine, marketed under the brand name Nardil, is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) used to treat certain types of depression, particularly atypical, nonendogenous, or neurotic depression. Here's an overview of its pharmacology: Mechanism of Action MAOI Activity: Phenelzine works by inhibiting the activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO), an enzyme responsible for breaking down neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. By inhibiting MAO, phenelzine increases the levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain, which helps improve mood and alleviate depressive symptoms. Indications Depression: Phenelzine is indicated for the treatment of atypical, nonendogenous, or neurotic depression in patients who do not respond well to other forms of therapy. Dosage and Administration Initial Dose: The typical starting dose is 15 mg taken orally three times a day. Maintenance Dose: The dose may be increased to 60-90 mg per day, depending on the patient's response and tolerance. Once the maximum benefit is achieved, the dose can be gradually reduced to a maintenance level. Adverse Effects Common Side Effects: Include dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, constipation, and weight gain. Serious Side Effects: Include hypertensive crisis (especially when taken with certain foods or medications), serotonin syndrome, and suicidal thoughts or behaviors. Contraindications Drug Interactions: Phenelzine should not be taken with other MAOIs, certain antidepressants, sympathomimetic drugs, or foods high in tyramine, as these can lead to dangerous interactions. Medical Conditions: It is contraindicated in patients with a history of liver disease, abnormal liver function tests, or pheochromocytoma. Pharmacokinetics Absorption: Phenelzine is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Metabolism: It is metabolized primarily in the liver. Excretion: The metabolites are excreted in the urine #Phenelzine #Nardil