Thyroid Dysgenesis (Abnormal development Or Placement of Thyroid Gland); Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

Thyroid dysgenesis is a congenital condition that results in an underdeveloped, misplaced, or absent thyroid gland. It is the most common cause of congenital hypothyroidism, accounting for about 85% of cases. This condition occurs due to abnormalities during the embryonic development of the thyroid gland. Types: Aplasia: Complete absence of the thyroid gland. Hypoplasia: Underdeveloped thyroid gland. Ectopia: Thyroid tissue located in an abnormal position, such as the base of the tongue (lingual thyroid). Symptoms: Enlarged thyroid (goiter) in some cases. Symptoms of hypothyroidism, such as fatigue, weight gain, and developmental delays in children. Causes: Genetic mutations, such as those in the PAX8 or TSHR genes. Environmental factors during pregnancy, like exposure to radiation or certain medications. Diagnosis: Newborn screening tests for thyroid hormone levels. Imaging techniques like ultrasound or scintigraphy to locate the thyroid gland. Treatment: Lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy (e.g., levothyroxine) to manage hypothyroidism and support normal growth and development. #Thyroid #Dysgenesis