मानव कोशिका | Human Cell | Types of Cell | Key Components of a Cell (कोशिका के मुख्य घटक
Cell Membrane (कोशिका झिल्ली): A semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell. Cytoplasm (जीवद्रव्य): A gel-like substance within the cell that contains organelles and is the site of many cellular processes. Nucleus (केंद्रक): The control center of the cell, containing genetic material (DNA) that regulates cell activities and inheritance. Mitochondria (माइटोकॉन्ड्रिया): Known as the "powerhouse of the cell," it generates energy (ATP) through cellular respiration. Ribosomes (राइबोसोम): Responsible for protein synthesis by translating genetic information from the nucleus. Endoplasmic Reticulum (अंतर्द्रव्यी जालिका): A network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis. Golgi Apparatus (गॉल्जी उपकरण): Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport. Lysosomes (लाइसोसोम): Contain digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris. Vacuoles (रिक्तिका): Storage sacs for nutrients, waste products, and other materials. Chloroplasts (क्लोरोप्लास्ट) - (in plant cells): Contain chlorophyll and are the site of photosynthesis in plant cells. Cell Wall (कोशिका भित्ति) - (in plant cells): A rigid outer layer that provides structural support and protection to plant cells. Types of Cells (कोशिकाओं के प्रकार): Prokaryotic Cells (प्रोकैरियोटिक कोशिकाएँ): Simple cells without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles (e.g., bacteria). Eukaryotic Cells (यूकैरियोटिक कोशिकाएँ): Complex cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (e.g., plant and animal cells). Functions of Cells (कोशिकाओं के कार्य): Metabolism (चयापचय): Cells carry out chemical reactions to maintain life. Growth and Repair (वृद्धि और मरम्मत): Cells divide and multiply to help organisms grow and repair damaged tissues. Reproduction (प्रजनन): Cells are involved in the process of reproduction, passing genetic information to offspring. Homeostasis (समस्थापन): Cells maintain a stable internal environment. Response to Stimuli (उत्तेजना के प्रति प्रतिक्रिया): Cells detect and respond to changes in their environment. Cells are fundamental to life, and their study is a key part of biology, known as cell biology or cytology.
