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Taking care of durian trees infected with disease requires a multifaceted approach, focusing on both treatment and prevention. Here's a breakdown of key strategies: 1. Identifying the Disease: Accurate diagnosis is crucial. Different diseases require different treatments. Common durian diseases include: Phytophthora (root rot, stem canker) Anthracnose Various fungal and bacterial infections. If you are unsure of the disease, consulting with a local agricultural expert is highly recommended. 2. Sanitation and Hygiene: Pruning: Remove and destroy infected leaves, branches, and fruits. Burn or dispose of them far from the orchard. Sterilize pruning tools with disinfectant to prevent further spread. Debris Removal: Clear fallen leaves, fruits, and other debris from around the trees. This reduces the source of pathogens. Weed Control: Manage weeds to improve air circulation and reduce humidity, which can promote disease. 3. Environmental Management: Drainage: Ensure proper drainage to prevent waterlogging, especially important for preventing Phytophthora. Consider creating raised beds or drainage ditches. Irrigation: Avoid overwatering. Water at the base of the tree, not the foliage. Drip irrigation is preferable. Sunlight and Air Circulation: Proper spacing between trees allows for adequate sunlight and air circulation, which helps prevent fungal diseases. 4. Treatment: Fungicides and Pesticides: Apply appropriate fungicides or pesticides according to the specific disease and local regulations. Copper-based fungicides are often used for fungal infections. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions. Soil Amendments: Improve soil health with organic matter, such as compost or manure. Adjust soil pH as needed. 5. Prevention: Resistant Varieties: Plant disease-resistant durian varieties whenever possible. Healthy Planting Material: Use healthy, disease-free seedlings. Regular Monitoring: Inspect trees regularly for early signs of disease. Early detection allows for prompt treatment. Strengthening the tree: Proper fertilization will help the tree to be more resiliant to disease. Important Considerations: Always follow local regulations and guidelines for pesticide use. Consult with agricultural experts for specific recommendations. Integrated pest management (IPM) strategies are recommended for long-term disease control. By implementing these strategies, you can significantly improve the health of your durian trees and minimize the impact of disease. ----------------------------_----------------------------- It's not about cutting a specific percentage of the entire tree, but rather focusing on the removal of infected portions. Here's a breakdown of the pruning approach: Targeted Removal: The primary goal is to eliminate all diseased tissue. This means cutting away: Infected branches: Cut well below the visible signs of infection, into healthy wood. Infected leaves: Remove all leaves showing symptoms. Infected fruits: Discard any diseased fruits immediately. Cankers: Cutting out cankers on the trunk or branches, and cleaning the wound. The amount removed will vary greatly depending on the severity and spread of the disease. Preventing Spread: Sterilization: Crucially, sterilize pruning tools between each cut to prevent spreading the pathogen to healthy parts of the tree. Disposal: All removed infected material must be destroyed (burned or removed far from the orchard) to eliminate the source of infection. Tree Health: Avoid excessive pruning: While removing infected parts is essential, avoid excessive pruning that could weaken the tree. A weakened tree is more susceptible to further disease. Promote recovery: After pruning, focus on promoting the tree's health through proper fertilization and watering. Key Considerations: Disease type: The type of disease significantly influences the extent of pruning. For example, a localized canker might require minimal removal, while a widespread fungal infection might necessitate more extensive pruning. Tree age and health: Older, established trees can tolerate more pruning than young seedlings. Professional advice: If you're dealing with a severe infection, consult with a local agricultural expert. They can provide specific guidance tailored to your situation. In essence, the focus is on thoroughly removing infected material, not adhering to a strict percentage.