VSOP (planets) | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VSOP_(p...) 00:01:59 1 History 00:05:06 2 Variations Séculaires des Orbites Planétaires 00:05:19 2.1 VSOP82 00:07:35 2.2 VSOP87 00:12:00 2.3 VSOP2000 00:12:40 2.4 VSOP2002 00:13:08 2.5 VSOP2010 00:14:22 2.6 VSOP2013 00:15:26 2.7 Theory of the Outer Planets 00:15:51 2.7.1 TOP2010 00:16:24 2.7.2 TOP2013 00:17:35 3 See also Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: increases imagination and understanding improves your listening skills improves your own spoken accent learn while on the move reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: https://assistant.google.com/services... Other Wikipedia audio articles at: https://www.youtube.com/results?searc... Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts Speaking Rate: 0.8485496126475217 Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-C "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." Socrates SUMMARY ======= The semi-analytic planetary theory VSOP (French: Variations Séculaires des Orbites Planétaires) is a concept describing long-term changes (secular variation) in the orbits of the planets Mercury to Neptune. If one ignores the gravitational attraction between the planets and only models the attraction between the Sun and the planets, then with some further idealisations, the resulting orbits would be Keplerian ellipses. In this idealised model, the shape and orientation of these ellipses would be constant in time. In reality, while the planets are at all times roughly in Keplerian orbits, the shape and orientation of these ellipses do change slowly over time. Over the centuries increasingly complex models have been made of the deviations from simple Keplerian orbits. In addition to the models, efficient and accurate numerical approximation methods have also been developed. VSOP was developed and is maintained (updating it with the results of the latest and most accurate measurements) by the scientists at the Bureau des Longitudes in Paris, France. The first version, VSOP82, computed only the orbital elements at any moment. An updated version, VSOP87, besides providing improved accuracy, computed the positions of the planets directly, as well as their orbital elements, at any moment. At present, the difference between computational predictions and observations is sufficiently small that the observations do not support the hypothesis that the models are missing some fundamental physics. Such hypothetical deviations are often referred to as post-Keplerian effects.