Pharmacology of Levetiracetam (Keppra) ; Mechanism of action, Pharmacokinetics, Uses, Effects

Levetiracetam, marketed under the brand name Keppra, is an antiepileptic drug used to treat various types of seizures. Here are some key points about its pharmacology: Pharmacology Mechanism of Action: Levetiracetam binds to the synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) in the brain, which is believed to inhibit neurotransmitter release and reduce neuronal excitability2. Absorption: Levetiracetam is rapidly and almost completely absorbed after oral administration, with a bioavailability of nearly 100%. Distribution: It is less than 10% protein-bound and widely distributed throughout the body. Metabolism: Levetiracetam undergoes minimal metabolism, primarily through enzymatic hydrolysis of the acetamide group. Elimination: The elimination half-life of levetiracetam is approximately 6 to 8 hours. It is excreted mainly in the urine, with about 66% of the dose excreted unchanged. Indications Levetiracetam is indicated as an adjunctive therapy for: Partial-onset seizures in patients aged one month and older. Myoclonic seizures in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy aged 12 years and older. Primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy aged 6 years and older. Side Effects Common side effects include sleepiness, dizziness, fatigue, and aggression. Severe side effects may include psychosis, suicidal thoughts, and allergic reactions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome or anaphylaxis #Levetiracetam