3. Anti- Coagulants Cascade: Pharmacology
๐๐ฎ๐๐ฌ๐๐ซ๐ข๐๐ ๐๐จ๐ซ ๐ ๐จ๐ซ๐ ๐๐ง๐๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐จ๐ง ๐๐๐๐ฅ๐ญ๐ก ๐ฉโโโ ๐๐ง๐ ๐ ๐๐๐ข๐๐ข๐ง๐๐๐ฉบ๐ ๐๐๐ป๐๐๐ฎ๐ด๐ฟ๐ฎ๐บ : ย ย /ย clinical.learningย ย 3. Anti- Coagulants Cascade: Pharmacology ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Anticoagulant Cascade ๐ฉธ๐ is a crucial pharmacological concept that explains how anticoagulant drugs target specific pathways in the coagulation cascade to prevent clot formation (thrombosis), thereby reducing the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), stroke, and myocardial infarction (MI) โค๏ธโ๐ฅ. The coagulation cascade consists of the intrinsic, extrinsic, and common pathways, where clotting factors (enzymes) are activated sequentially, leading to thrombin (Factor IIa) formation, which converts fibrinogen into fibrin, forming a stable clot. Anticoagulants work by inhibiting key factors in this cascade, preventing thrombosis formation while maintaining blood flow. Unfractionated Heparin (UFH) & Low Molecular Weight Heparins (LMWH) like Enoxaparin, Dalteparin ๐ bind to Antithrombin III (AT-III), enhancing its inhibition of Factor Xa & Thrombin (IIa). Fondaparinux ๐, a selective Factor Xa inhibitor, prevents thrombin generation without affecting other clotting factors. Warfarin (Vitamin K Antagonist) โ๏ธ inhibits the synthesis of Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX, X) in the extrinsic pathway, requiring INR monitoring due to a high bleeding risk ๐จ. Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) ๐ฅ, such as Rivaroxaban & Apixaban (Factor Xa inhibitors) and Dabigatran (Direct Thrombin Inhibitor), offer a more predictable anticoagulation effect without routine monitoring. In emergency settings, anticoagulant reversal agents such as Protamine sulfate (for Heparin), Vitamin K (for Warfarin), Idarucizumab (for Dabigatran), and Andexanet alfa (for Factor Xa inhibitors) โ ๏ธ are used to reverse excessive anticoagulation and prevent life-threatening bleeding. While anticoagulants are vital in thromboprophylaxis, their major risk remains bleeding complications, requiring careful dose adjustments in renal or hepatic impairment. Understanding the coagulation cascade and anticoagulant mechanisms is fundamental for safe and effective anticoagulation therapy in hematology and cardiovascular medicine! ๐๐ฅ #Hematology #Pharmacology #Anticoagulants #CoagulationCascade #Thrombosis #DVT #PE #StrokePrevention #Heparin #Warfarin #DOACs #FactorXa #Thrombin #BloodThinners #ClotPrevention #Fibrin #BleedingRisk #Cardiology #Antithrombotics #MedicalStudents #NEETPG #USMLE #DoctorLife #MedEd #FutureDoctors #EmergencyMedicine #Research #LifesavingDrugs #ScienceLovers #PharmaFacts #CardiovascularHealth #Thrombolysis ๐
