Hypoproteinemia Edema ; Definition, causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Hypoproteinemia Edema: **Definition:] Hypoproteinemia edema is a type of edema caused by low levels of proteins, particularly albumin, in the blood. This leads to decreased oncotic pressure, causing fluid to leak from blood vessels into interstitial spaces. **Causes:] 1. Liver disease (cirrhosis, liver failure) 2. Nephrotic syndrome 3. Malnutrition 4. Malabsorption (e.g., celiac disease) 5. Protein-losing enteropathy 6. Burns 7. Severe infections 8. Cancer **Pathophysiology:] 1. Decreased albumin production (liver disease) 2. Increased albumin loss (nephrotic syndrome) 3. Reduced oncotic pressure 4. Fluid shifts from blood vessels to interstitial spaces 5. Edema formation **Symptoms:] 1. Swelling (face, arms, legs, abdomen) 2. Weight gain 3. Fatigue 4. Shortness of breath 5. Abdominal discomfort **Diagnostic Tests:] 1. Serum albumin level 2. Total protein level 3. Liver function tests 4. Renal function tests 5. Urinalysis 6. Imaging studies (e.g., ultrasound, CT scan) **Treatment:] 1. Address underlying cause 2. Albumin infusions 3. Diuretics 4. Protein supplements 5. Salt restriction 6. Fluid management **Complications:] 1. Respiratory distress 2. Cardiac failure 3. Renal failure 4. Infection 5. Malnutrition **Prognosis:] 1. Depends on underlying cause and severity 2. Mortality rate: variable (5-50%) #hypoproteinemia #Edema