Class (38) Cholinergic Agents (Part 02) Cholinergic Reactivator | Medicinal Chemistry 01
Download the "Solution Pharmacy" Mobile App to Get All Uploaded Notes, Model Question Papers, Answer Papers, Online Tests and other GPAT Materials - https://play.google.com/store/apps/de... Solution Pharmacy will cover this syllabus of medicinal chemistry 01 for B.Pharmacy 4th semester Unit 03 - (01) Cholinergic neurotransmitters – Biosynthesis and catabolism of acetylcholine (02) Cholinergic receptor and distribution of cholinergic receptors like muscarinic and nicotinic (03) Parasympathomimetic agents – SAR of parasympathomimetic agents (04) Direct-acting agents – acetylcholine, carbachol, bethanechol, methacholine, pilocarpine, (05) Indirect acting/Cholinesterase inhibitors (Reversible and irreversible) - physostigmine, neostigmine, pyridostigmine, edrophonium chloride, tacrine hydrochloride, ambenonium chloride, isofluorphate, Echothiopate iodide, parathion, malathion. (06) Cholinesterase reactivators – Pralidoxime chloride (07) Cholinergic blocking agents – SAR of cholinolytic agents (08) Solanaceous alkaloid and analogous – Atropine sulphate, hyoscyamines sulphate, scopolamine hydrobromide, homatropine hydrobromide, Ipratropium bromide. (09) Synthetic cholinergic blocking agents – tropicamide, cyclopentolate hydrochloride, aclidinium bromide, dicyclomine hydrobromide, Glycopyrrolate, Methantheline bromide, propantheline bromide, Cholinergic Agents Cholinergic drugs are the drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic system Also called parasympathomimetics – they mimic the effects of the PSNS neurotransmitter. Cholinergic agents copy the action of acetylcholine (ACh) – a neurotransmitter released from nerve endings that bind on the receptors of cell membranes of organs, tissues, and glands. There are two types of cholinergic drugs: direct-acting and indirect-acting. Direct-Acting Cholinergic Drugs 1. Bind to cholinergic receptors on specific effector organs, stimulating the organ in a similar way as ACh. They are synthetic derivatives of choline Have widespread systemic effects including cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, exocrine glands, and the eye. 2. Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Drugs Inhibit the enzyme ‘acetylcholinesterase,’ resulting in more ACh available at the receptors. These drugs have the added cholinergic effect of improved skeletal muscle tone and strength. Indirect-acting cholinergic drugs for Alzheimer’s disease are widely distributed, including to the central nervous system, thus improving cholinergic neurotransmission in the brain Specific Cholinergic Drugs 1. Direct-acting Bethanechol (Urecholine) – ↑ the tone and motility of the bladder and GI tract (should cause urination within 60 min in a pt with urinary retention). Pilocarpine (Pilocar) – used to constrict pupils, which ↓ intraocular pressure (glaucoma). 2. Indirect-acting Neostigmine (Prostigmin) – given for the diagnosis and treatment of myasthenia gravis—it causes skeletal muscle contractions. Donepezil (Aricept) – used to treat mild-moderate Alzheimer’s disease—it ↑ ACh in the brain and helps ↑ or maintain memory or learning capabilities (it manages the symptoms, but is not a cure). E-Mail for official and other work - [email protected] #solutionpharmacy #Pharmacologyclass #Pharmacognosyvideos #GPAT
