AP World History Topic 3.1 Empires Expand

🌍 How Empires Used Gunpowder & Faith: A Glimpse ⚔️🔥 🕌 Ottoman Empire: Cannons & conquests, from Constantinople to Europe. 🐉 Qing Dynasty: Gunpowder topples the Ming, Qing rises. 👑 Mughal: Babur's Battle of Panipat, 1526, gunpowder dominance. ❄️ Russian Empire: Peter the Great's gunpowder expansion into Asia. 🌸 Tokugawa: Portuguese guns unify Japan; Siege of Osaka. ⛵ Spanish Empire: Conquistadors' tech overpowers the New World. 🦅 Aztecs: Cortés' alliances & weapons end the Aztec reign, 1521. 🌞 Incan: Pizarro's tech & tactics collapse the Incan power, 1532. Religion & Politics: Unite & Divide 🙏⚔️ 🌙 Ottoman vs Safavid: Sunni-Shia divide sparks wars. 🌺 Mughal: From Akbar's tolerance to Aurangzeb's orthodoxy. 🍂 Russian Empire: Christian-Muslim tensions during Central Asia expansion. 🏜️ Songhai: Islamic leadership clashes with non-Muslim neighbors. ⛪ Spanish: Gold & God; converting the New World to Christianity. 🗿 Aztecs: From Tenochtitlán's fall, Spanish push Christianity. 🗻 Incan: Spanish destroy Incan faith, pushing Catholicism.