Subarachnoid hemorrhage in the Circle of Willis ; Definition, causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treat

A subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in the Circle of Willis is a type of stroke caused by bleeding into the subarachnoid space—the area between the brain and the tissues that cover it. This condition is often due to a ruptured aneurysm in the Circle of Willis1. Here are some key points: Symptoms Thunderclap Headache: Sudden, severe headache often described as the worst headache ever. Nausea and Vomiting: Common symptoms accompanying the headache. Neck Stiffness: Due to irritation of the meninges. Altered Mental State: Confusion, decreased level of consciousness, or even coma. Visual Disturbances: Blurred vision or double vision. Seizures: In some cases. Causes Ruptured Aneurysm: The most common cause, accounting for about 85% of spontaneous SAHs. Trauma: Head injuries can also lead to SAH. Other Causes: Arteriovenous malformations, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. Diagnosis CT Scan: Often the first test performed to detect bleeding. Lumbar Puncture: If the CT scan is inconclusive, a lumbar puncture can detect blood in the cerebrospinal fluid. CT Angiography (CTA): To visualize the blood vessels and identify the source of bleeding. Treatment Immediate Care: Stabilizing the patient, managing pain, and preventing complications. Surgical Intervention: Clipping or coiling to repair the ruptured aneurysm and stop the bleeding. Medications: To manage symptoms and prevent complications, such as nimodipine to prevent vasospasm. Monitoring: Close observation in a hospital setting to detect and manage complications. Complications Delayed Cerebral Ischemia: Reduced blood flow to the brain can occur days after the initial hemorrhage. Rebleeding: Risk of the aneurysm rupturing again. Hydrocephalus: Accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain #Subarachnoidhemorrhage #CircleofWillis