Hypernatremia and Hyponatremia (Abnormal Sodium levels); Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

Hypernatremia and hyponatremia are both conditions related to abnormal levels of sodium in the blood, but they occur in opposite directions. Hypernatremia Hypernatremia is characterized by high sodium levels in the blood. It can be caused by factors such as dehydration, excessive salt intake, certain medications, and underlying medical conditions like diabetes insipidus2. Symptoms may include excessive thirst, confusion, muscle twitching, and in severe cases, seizures or coma. Hyponatremia Hyponatremia, on the other hand, involves low sodium levels in the blood. It can result from excessive water intake, certain medications, heart, liver, or kidney diseases, and conditions like SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion)3. Symptoms can range from nausea and headache to confusion, muscle cramps, seizures, and in severe cases, coma #Hypernatremia #Hyponatremia