Classifications of Nonsteroidal Anti inflammatory Drugs NSAIDs (Cyclooxygenase 1 & 2 Inhibitors COX)

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) can be classified based on their chemical structure and selectivity for cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. Here are the main classifications: Chemical Structure Salicylates Aspirin: The prototypical salicylate, used for pain relief, anti-inflammatory effects, and as an antiplatelet agent. Propionic Acid Derivatives Ibuprofen: Commonly used for pain relief, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects. Naproxen: Similar to ibuprofen but has a longer duration of action. Acetic Acid Derivatives Indomethacin: Used for pain relief and anti-inflammatory effects, particularly in conditions like gout. Diclofenac: Used for pain relief and anti-inflammatory effects, available in oral and topical formulations. Oxicam Derivatives Piroxicam: Long-acting NSAID used for chronic inflammatory conditions. Meloxicam: Selective COX-2 inhibitor, used for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Fenamate Derivatives Mefenamic Acid: Used for short-term pain relief, particularly in menstrual pain. Pyrazolone Derivatives Metamizole (Dipyrone): Used for pain relief and antispasmodic effects, though less commonly due to safety concerns. Coxib Class Celecoxib: Selective COX-2 inhibitor, used for pain relief with a lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects. COX Selectivity Non-Selective COX Inhibitors These inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. Examples: Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Diclofenac, Indomethacin. Selective COX-2 Inhibitors (Coxibs) These preferentially inhibit the COX-2 enzyme, reducing the risk of gastrointestinal side effects. Examples: Celecoxib, Etoricoxib. Duration of Action Short-Acting NSAIDs These have a shorter half-life and need to be taken more frequently. Examples: Ibuprofen, Diclofenac. Long-Acting NSAIDs These have a longer half-life and provide prolonged effects. Examples: Naproxen, Piroxicam, Meloxicam. #NSAIDs